本文转载自：徽剑（ID:huijianonline）
看到一个华人提问：
Why does the United States like to bully China?
美国为什么喜欢欺负中国？
国内其实也有很多“理性”人士，拼命指责中国，说是中国做得不对，所以美国才欺负中国。事实如此吗，我回答如下。
1. First of all, the United States will not only bully China, but he will bully any country in the world.
The Americans have threatened Europe that they cannot use Russian gas.
The Americans threaten Russia with American warships and planes patrolling the Russian border.
The Americans threatened Japan, and the Plaza Accord led to the appreciation of the yen and the stagnation of the Japanese economy for almost 40 years.
Americans threaten Islamic countries in the Middle East by sending fighter jets directly to bomb them
Americans threaten Central America, sending troops directly to invade these countries.
And so on.
1. 首先，美国不仅会欺负中国，他还会欺负世界上任何国家。
美国人威胁欧洲说他们不能使用俄罗斯的天然气。
美国人威胁日本，《广场协议》导致日元升值，日本经济停滞了近40年。
美国人威胁中东的伊斯兰国家，直接派战斗机去轰炸它们
美国人威胁中美洲，直接派兵入侵这些国家。
以此类推。
2. The US has a long history of bullying China
The United States has been bullying China since more than 100 years ago, with a 10-year reprieve from 1979 to 1989, but the rest of the time, the United States has been bullying China
The US Chinese Exclusion Act was an act signed by Republican US President Chester Allen Arthur on 6 May 1882 and became part of the United States Code. American Democrats were involved in promoting this bill. 1880 amendments to the Treaty of Tientsin Renewal Treaty, which allowed for a moratorium on Chinese immigration to the United States, were quickly enacted by Congress in response to the amended treaty. This Act kept all Chinese labourers out of the United States for ten years. In 1892, the Act was extended for ten years, and by 1902 the time limit was removed. The Act was repealed by the Magnuson Act, passed in 1943, which allowed an annual immigration limit of 105 Chinese, but mass Chinese immigration did not follow until the passage of the Immigration and Nationality Service Act 1965. The Act was a response to the large number of Chinese moving into the western United States in response to the internal unrest in China and the opportunity to get railway construction jobs. It was the first immigration law passed in the United States that targeted a specific ethnic group.
Although the Act was repealed long ago, it has long been part of the United States Code. Even today, although all of its contents have long since been repealed, Title 8, Chapter 7 of the United States Code is entitled “Exclusion of Chinese”. It is the only one of the 15 chapters of Title 8 (Aliens and Nationality) that is entirely devoted to a particular nationality or ethnic group.
2. 美国欺负中国的历史由来已久
美国从100多年前就开始欺负中国，从1979年到1989年有10年的缓和期，但其余时间，美国都在欺负中国
美国《排华法案》是由美国共和党总统切斯特-艾伦-阿瑟于1882年5月6日签署的法案，并成为美国法典的一部分。美国民主党人参与推动了这项法案。1880年《天津续约条约》的修正案，允许暂停中国人移民到美国，国会迅速制定了修正后的条约。该法案将所有中国劳工拒之于美国之外，为期十年。1892年，该法案被延长了十年，到1902年，该时间限制被取消。该法案被1943年通过的《马格努森法案》所废除，该法案允许每年的移民限额为105名中国人，但大规模的中国移民直到1965年《移民和国籍服务法》的通过才得以实现。该法案是对大量中国人迁入美国西部以应对中国的内部动乱和获得铁路建设工作机会的回应。这是美国通过的第一部针对特定族裔群体的移民法。
虽然该法早已被废除，但它长期以来一直是美国法典的一部分。即使在今天，尽管其所有内容早已被废除，《美国法典》第8篇第7章的标题是 “排斥华人”。这是第8篇（外国人和国籍）15章中唯一完全针对某一特定民族或族裔群体的章节。
Although the Chinese Exclusion Act was repealed in 1943, the law prohibiting Chinese and white marriages in California was not repealed until 1948. Other states had similar laws until 1967, when the Supreme Court ruled unanimously during Loving v. Virginia that laws against interracial marriage were unconstitutional. On 18 June 2012, the US Congress passed a formal resolution apologising for the discriminatory laws against the Chinese, but without any compensation.
In 1900 the United States, the United States participated in the Eight-Power Alliance and invaded China.
In the pre-World War II period, the US was the main supplier of strategic military resources to Japan. Throughout the 1930s, the Japanese military needed to import oil for its aircraft and warships. It was 90% dependent on imports, 80% of which came from the United States.
Without US support, Japan could not actually wage war against China on a large scale.
Beginning in 1945, the United States supplied large quantities of weapons and equipment to the Chinese Nationalist government forces to support them in their civil war against the Communist forces.
In 1950, the United Nations forces led by the US invaded the Korean peninsula and US fighter planes bombed northeast China. At the same time the US Seventh Fleet was stationed in Taiwan and US military reconnaissance aircraft flew over China. The US imposed an economic blockade on China.
US bombing of the Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in Belgrade in May 1999
尽管《排华法案》在1943年被废除，但直到1948年，加州禁止华人和白人结婚的法律才被废除。其他州也有类似的法律，直到1967年，最高法院在Loving诉Virginia一案中一致裁定，反对异族通婚的法律是违宪的。2012年6月18日，美国国会通过了一项正式决议，为针对华人的歧视性法律道歉，但没有任何补偿。
在二战前期，美国是日本战略军事资源的主要供应国。在整个20世纪30年代，日本军队的飞机和军舰都需要进口石油。它90%依赖进口，其中80%来自美国。
没有美国的支持，日本实际上无法大规模地对中国发动战争。
从1945年开始，美国向中国国民党政府军提供了大量的武器和设备，以支持他们与共产党军队的内战。
1950年，由美国领导的联合国部队入侵朝鲜半岛，美国战斗机轰炸中国东北。同时，美国第七舰队驻扎在台湾，美国军事侦察机在中国上空飞行。美国对中国实行经济封锁。
1999年5月，美国对中华人民共和国驻贝尔格莱德大使馆的轰炸
A large number of sanctions against China have been introduced one after another in recent years. And long periods of sending warships and reconnaissance aircraft close to China’s coastline for reconnaissance and provocation.
The US also threatened to use nuclear weapons against China on three consecutive occasions.
On 19 October 1950, the fighters of the Chinese People’s Volunteer Army crossed the Yalu River and ran into the battlefield of Korea, where the US and South Korean forces were dealt a heavy blow and retreated from the Yalu River all the way south of the Chongchon River. On 20 November, the US Senate formally recommended that the issue of targets for nuclear strikes against Korea, northeast China and the interior should be taken up, with the Army War Plans Service arguing that ” From a military point of view, the current situation is more conducive to the use of atomic bombs than it was in July” and recommended that “the use of atomic bombs against Chinese Communist troop and material concentrations in the event of a full-scale offensive might be a decisive factor in enabling the UN forces to hold the line or advance as early as possible towards the Manchurian (meaning north-eastern Chinese) border “. Collins, the Army Chief of Staff, who had always opposed the use of the atomic bomb, also asked his ministry to study and determine “the circumstances under which the bomb would need to be used, the most appropriate targets that could be struck, and what policies and preparations would need to be made to ensure that we could use the bomb when the time was right.”
Truman at a press conference on 30 November.
REPORTER: Mr. President, did the attack on northeast China depend on action at the United Nations?
THE PRESIDENT: Yes, entirely.
REPORTER: In other words, would General MacArthur have done so if the United Nations had authorized him to advance farther than he is now?
The President: We will take whatever steps are necessary to meet the needs of the military situation, as we often do.
Reporter: Does that include the use of the atomic bomb?
The President: It includes any weapon we have.
Reporter: When you say “any weapons we have”, do you mean that the use of the atomic bomb is being actively considered?
The President: The use of the atomic bomb has been under active consideration. I don’t want to see it used. It’s a terrible weapon that should not be used on men, women and children who had nothing to do with this military invasion – and that’s what would have happened if the atomic bomb had been used.
近年来，大量针对中国的制裁措施相继出台。并长期派军舰和侦察机靠近中国的海岸线进行侦察和挑衅。
美国还连续三次威胁要对中国使用核武器。
1950年10月19日，中国人民志愿军的战士们跨过鸭绿江，奔赴朝鲜战场，美韩军队受到沉重打击，从鸭绿江一路退到清川江以南。11月20日，美国参议院正式建议着手处理对朝鲜、中国东北和内地进行核打击的目标问题，陆军战争计划处认为，” 从军事角度来看。从军事角度看，目前的形势比7月时更有利于使用原子弹”，并建议 “在全面进攻的情况下对中国共产党的部队和物资集结地使用原子弹可能是一个决定性的因素，使联合国部队能够守住防线或尽早向满洲（指中国东北部）边境推进”。一直反对使用原子弹的陆军参谋长柯林斯也要求他的部下研究并确定 “在什么情况下需要使用原子弹，可以打击的最适当的目标，以及需要采取什么政策和准备工作，以确保我们在时机成熟时能够使用原子弹”。
杜鲁门在11月30日的新闻发布会上说。
记者：总统先生，对中国东北的攻击是否取决于联合国的行动？
总统：是的，完全是。
记者：换句话说，如果联合国授权麦克阿瑟将军比现在推进得更远，他还会这么做吗？
总统：是的。我们将采取任何必要的措施来满足军事形势的需要，我们经常这样做。
记者：这是否包括使用原子弹？
总统：是的。它包括我们拥有的任何武器。
记者：当你说 “我们拥有的任何武器 “时，你是否意味着正在积极考虑使用原子弹？
总统：是的。使用原子弹的问题一直在积极考虑中。我不希望看到它被使用。这是一种可怕的武器，不应该用在与这次军事入侵无关的男人、女人和儿童身上–如果使用了原子弹，就会出现这种情况。
That afternoon, Western ambassadors in Geneva were so shocked that they frantically phoned the American embassy to ask for details. The most violent reaction was from Britain, which had feared since the Soviet Union had possessed the bomb that British territory with a force of American B-29 bombers would be the target of a future Soviet nuclear attack. Pressure was brought to bear and, in the end, Truman was forced to make a formal statement of “no atomic bombs” and public opinion was largely calmed. In early December, however, Truman ordered the dismantled nuclear bomb components to be flown to the Far East and stored on a US aircraft carrier in case of an accident. US aircraft also carried out a mock nuclear attack on the North Korean capital Pyongyang as part of a contingency plan to fight a nuclear war.
When the Nationalists retreated to Taiwan in 1949, Washington provided US$1.6 billion in economic and military aid to Taiwan in order to support and help Chiang Kai-shek’s government. The Eisenhower administration had also secretly promised Chiang Kai-shek that the United States would help him defend Kinmen and Matsu if the People’s Liberation Army launched an attack.
In 1954, when China supported the Viet Cong People’s Army in the total annihilation of the French forces at the Battle of Dien Bien Phu, in order to preserve Indochina as a bridgehead and curb communist infiltration into Southeast Asia, the US at one point considered having bombers take off from the carriers of the 7th Fleet and drop three small tactical atomic bombs on the Vietnamese People’s Army around Dien Bien Phu as a way to liberate the trapped French forces and threaten China.
On 6 March, US Secretary of State Dulles reported to Eisenhower that “under present circumstances we should assist in defending this coastal area. This will require the use of nuclear missiles. It is impractical to try to destroy air bases and artillery positions without the use of nuclear missiles.” On the 16th, at a press conference, Eisenhower declared that if war broke out in the Far East, the US “would of course use some small tactical atomic weapon”. The US “can find no reason not to use nuclear weapons, any more than you can find a reason not to use bullets or anything else when you’re at war”.17 Echoing Eisenhower, Vice President Nixon said on the 17th: “Tactical atomic weapons are now in the category of conventional weapons, and they will be used On 25 March, the US Secretary of Naval Operations, Admiral Robert Carne, told the press that the US military was developing plans for a large-scale nuclear attack on China.
On 30 April 2008, the US National Security Archive released 12 documents from the Cold War, including the document “U.S. Air Force Actions in the 1958 Taiwan Strait Crisis”, which details the use of nuclear weapons against the mainland during the 1958 Taiwan Strait Crisis, as advocated by the US military’s then Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Admiral Nathan Twining. In mid-August, the US Strategic Air Command ordered five B-47 bombers from Guam to be placed on alert in preparation for a nuclear attack to be carried out near Xiamen. The Strategic Air Command informed its subordinate agencies that in the event of an escalation of the conflict, the five bombers would use tactical atomic bombs of 10,000 to 15,000 tons of TNT power (similar in yield to the Hiroshima bomb) to carry out air strikes against airfields in Xiamen.
On 22 January 1963, Kennedy stressed at the National Security Conference that the focus of the nuclear weapons test ban treaty was to deal with China. How could China be stopped from having nuclear weapons?
It was at a time when relations between China and the Soviet Union were breaking down, and the US felt it could use, preferably the US-Soviet hand, or even military action, to force China to sign the nuclear test ban treaty and abandon its atomic bomb programme. On 14 July 1963, US envoy Harriman went to Moscow, bringing with him Kennedy’s plans for dealing with the Chinese atomic bomb. Harriman asked Khrushchev if he would be willing to take “American action” or “Soviet action” to stop China from developing nuclear weapons. But Harriman was disappointed that Khrushchev refused to see the Chinese bomb issue as a threat and was not interested in a plan to join forces with the United States.
At 3pm on 16 October 1964, China’s first atomic bomb finally exploded successfully. The rice was cooked, and at the juncture of the US’s hesitation and trade-off, China had built the bomb first, and containment was no longer possible; the US’s desire to “sterilise” China’s nuclear testing facilities had lost its meaning and was naturally aborted.
For China, it has become accustomed to the so-called US sanctions.
It has fought wars with the US, been sanctioned by the US for almost a century and threatened by US nuclear weapons.
So what other cards does the US have up its sleeve?
当天下午，西方国家驻日内瓦的大使们感到非常震惊，他们疯狂地打电话给美国大使馆询问细节。反应最激烈的是英国，它担心自从苏联拥有炸弹以来，英国领土上的美国B-29轰炸机部队将成为未来苏联核攻击的目标。人们施加了压力，最后，杜鲁门被迫发表了 “不使用原子弹 “的正式声明，公众舆论在很大程度上得到了平息。然而，在12月初，杜鲁门下令将拆除的核弹部件空运到远东，储存在美国航空母舰上，以备发生意外。美国飞机还对朝鲜首都平壤进行了一次模拟核攻击，作为打核战争的应急计划的一部分。
1949年国民党退守台湾时，华盛顿向台湾提供了16亿美元的经济和军事援助，以支持和帮助蒋介石政府。艾森豪威尔政府还曾秘密向蒋介石承诺，如果人民解放军发动进攻，美国将帮助他保卫金门和马祖。
1954年，当中国支持越共人民军在奠边府战役中全歼法军时，为了保住印度支那这个桥头堡，遏制共产党对东南亚的渗透，美国一度考虑让轰炸机从第七舰队的航母上起飞，向奠边府周围的越南人民军投下三颗小型战术原子弹，以此来解放被困的法军，威胁到中国。
3月6日，美国国务卿杜勒斯向艾森豪威尔报告说：”在目前情况下，我们应该协助保卫这个沿海地区。这将需要使用核导弹。如果不使用核导弹，试图摧毁空军基地和炮兵阵地是不现实的”。16日，在一次新闻发布会上，艾森豪威尔宣布，如果远东地区爆发战争，美国 “当然会使用一些小型战术性原子武器”。美国 “找不到不使用核武器的理由，就像你在战争中找不到不使用子弹或其他东西的理由一样。”17日，副总统尼克松在呼应艾森豪威尔时说。”3月25日，美国海军作战部长罗伯特-卡恩上将对媒体说，美国军方正在制定对中国进行大规模核攻击的计划。
2008年4月30日，美国国家安全档案馆公布了12份冷战时期的文件，其中包括 “美国空军在1958年台湾海峡危机中的行动 “的文件，该文件详细说明了在1958年台湾海峡危机中对大陆使用核武器，这是美军当时的参谋长联席会议主席内森-特温宁上将所主张的。8月中旬，美国战略空军司令部命令关岛的五架B-47轰炸机进入戒备状态，准备在厦门附近进行核攻击。战略空军司令部通知其下属机构，如果冲突升级，这五架轰炸机将使用10,000至15,000吨TNT威力的战术原子弹（产量与广岛原子弹相似）对厦门的机场进行空袭。
1963年1月22日，肯尼迪在国家安全会议上强调，禁止核武器试验条约的重点是要对付中国。如何才能阻止中国拥有核武器？
当时正值中苏关系破裂，美国认为可以利用，最好是美苏之手，甚至是军事行动，来迫使中国签署禁止核试验条约，放弃原子弹计划。1963年7月14日，美国特使哈里曼前往莫斯科，带来了肯尼迪处理中国原子弹问题的计划。哈里曼问赫鲁晓夫，他是否愿意采取 “美国行动 “或 “苏联行动 “来阻止中国发展核武器。但令哈里曼失望的是，赫鲁晓夫拒绝将中国原子弹问题视为一种威胁，对与美国联手的计划不感兴趣。
1964年10月16日下午3点，中国的第一颗原子弹终于成功爆炸了。巧妇难为无米之炊，在美国犹豫和权衡的关头，中国先造出了原子弹，遏制已经不可能了；美国要对中国的核试验设施进行 “消毒 “的愿望也失去了意义，自然流产了。
对于中国来说，它已经习惯了所谓的美国制裁。
它与美国打过仗，被美国制裁了近一个世纪，并受到美国核武器的威胁。
那么，美国还有什么底牌呢？
1、本文只代表作者个人观点，不代表星火智库立场，仅供大家学习参考； 2、如若转载，请注明出处：https://www.xinghuozhiku.com/25181.html